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1.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(spe1): e2020598, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154162

ABSTRACT

O tema infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis é um dos capítulos que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos relacionados a essas infecções, bem como orientações para os gestores quanto ao seu manejo programático e operacional. Objetiva-se auxiliar os profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas com infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis e suas parcerias sexuais, além de subsidiar estratégias para ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos.


The topic of sexually transmitted enteric infections is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects related to these infections, as well as guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention and control.


El tema de las infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos relacionados a esas infecciones, así como pautas para los administradores en cuanto a su gestión programática y operativa. El objetivo es ayudar el personal de salud en la detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual y sus parejas sexuales, además de contribuir con estrategias para acciones de monitoreo epidemiológico, prevención y control de esas enfermedades.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior , Brazil/epidemiology , Clinical Protocols , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Diarrhea/prevention & control
2.
Rev. inf. cient ; 97(4): i: 880-f:890, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1005703

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el fallo intestinal agudo determina en gran medida la mortalidad del paciente crítico. Objetivo: brindar a los profesionales de la salud las bases teóricas esenciales que sustenten su autopreparación para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento del fallo intestinal agudo. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo, entre enero y julio de 2018, con una sistematización teórica sobre el tema. Se estudiaron 45 artículos de los 145 que se encontraron publicados entre los años 2010 y 2018 en las bases de datos electrónicas. Resultados: se elaboró una monografía sobre el fallo intestinal agudo que contuvo los siguientes núcleos de conocimientos: definición, fisiopatología, etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: es ineludible la habilitación de los profesionales para la prevención y diagnóstico precoz del fallo intestinal agudo porque este determina en gran medida la sepsis, el fallo multiorgánico y la mortalidad del paciente crítico(AU)


Introduction: acute intestinal failure can cause mortality n critically patients. Objective: provide the health professionals essential theoretical foundations that support their selfpreparation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal failure. Method: a literature review was done at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo, between January and July 2018, with a theoretical systematization on the subject. 45 articles found 145 that were published between 2010 and 2018 in electronic databases that were studied. Results: a case - study on the acute intestinal failure was developed which contained the following kernel of knowledges: definition, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment: Conclusions: it is unavoidable enabling professionals to prevention and early diagnosis of acute intestinal failure because it is determined sepsis, multiple organ failure and mortality on critically ill patients(AU)


Introdução: a insuficiência intestinal aguda determina em grande parte a mortalidade do paciente crítico. Objetivo: fornecer aosprofissionais de saúde as bases teóricas essenciais que sustentam sua autopreparação para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da insuficiência intestinal aguda. Método: revisão bibliográfica realizada na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Guantánamo, no período de janeiro a julho de 2018, com uma sistematização teórica sobre o tema. Estudamos 45 artigos dos 145 publicados entre 2010 e 2018 nas bases de dados eletrônicas. Resultados: foi elaborada uma monografia sobre insuficiência intestinal aguda que continha os seguintes núcleos de conhecimento: definição, fisiopatologia, etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Conclusões: a qualificação de profissionais para a prevenção e diagnóstico precoce da insuficiência intestinal aguda é inescapável, pois determina em grande parte sepse, falência de múltiplos órgãos e mortalidade do paciente crítico(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/therapy , Intestines/physiology , Intestines/pathology , Intensive Care Units
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(11): 935-948, Nov. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886187

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and apoptosis associated with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pentoxifylline (PTX) in intestinal ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) injury. Methods: Thirty male rats were assigned to 5 groups: (CG), no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (90 minutes); (IR-SS) saline + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IR-PTX) PTX + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IPC-IR-SS) 5 minutes of ischemia + 5 minutes of reperfusion (IPC) + saline + I(30 minutes)+R(60 minutes); and (IPC-IR-PTX) IPC + PTX + I(30 minutes)+ R(60 minutes). Results: The application of IPC and PTX showed a significantly lower immunohistochemistry reaction for active caspase-3 (P<0.05) compared to IR+SS. The number of cells immunoreactive to BCL-2 was higher in the IR-PTX group (P>0.05). The NOS-2 expression (qRTPCR) in the IR-PTX group (P<0.05) was higher than the values for the IPC+IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups. The NOS-3 expression was significantly upper in the IPC-IR-PTX group than in the CG (P<0.05), the IR-SS (P<0.05) and the IR-PTX (P<0.05) groups. Conclusions: The BCL-2 and active caspase-3 showed beneficial effects on PTX and IPC. The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the IPC and IPC-PTX groups showed no synergistic effect.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Rats , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Apoptosis/drug effects , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Ischemic Preconditioning , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestines/blood supply , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Wistar , Apoptosis/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Intestinal Diseases/enzymology , Intestines/pathology
4.
Rev. Kairós ; 19(22,n.esp.): 157-173, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-965927

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de ingestão de simbiótico sobre a função intestinal de idosos. Participaram 50 idosos de ambos os sexos, divididos em grupo suplemento e placebo, que consumiu simbiótico ou maltodextrina, respectivamente. No grupo que consumiu simbiótico, 84% não apresentou constipação no período pós-intervenção, assim como 76% indicou fezes de consistência normal e ausência de diarreia. Mais estudos são necessários, a fim de avaliar a eficácia de suplemento simbiótico em seres humanos, e verificar sua repercussão no bem-estar e qualidade de vida.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the symbiotic intake effect on intestinal function among the elderly. Participated 50 elderly of both sexes divided into supplement and placebo groups that consumed symbiotic or maltodextrin, respectively. In the group that consumed symbiotic 84% showed no constipation post intervention period, and 76% showed normal stool consistency and absence of diarrhea. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic supplement in humans, and to assess its impact on the welfare and quality of life.


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la ingesta simbiótico en función intestinal entre los ancianos. Participado 50 ancianos de ambos los sexos divididos en grupos de suplementos y placebo que consumieron simbiótica o maltodextrina, respectivamente. En el grupo que consumió simbionte, el 84% no mostró periodo posterior a la intervención en frío, y el 76% indicó consistencia normal de las heces y sin diarrea. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar la eficacia de los suplementos simbiótica en los seres humanos, y comprobar su impacto en el bienestar y calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Quality of Life , Defecation/physiology , Synbiotics , Health of the Elderly , Constipation/prevention & control , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(2): 131-136, Feb. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614531

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study diclofenac sodium induced histological and mechanical alterations and their prevention with Imipenem in rat intestine. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=240) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: GI: n=60 treated with 0.9 percent saline IM; GII: n=60 treated with 6mg/kg body weight diclofenac sodium IM for four days; GIII: n=60 treated with 30mg/kg body weight Imipenem IM for four days, and GIV n=60 treated with diclofenac sodium plus Imipenem at the above doses IM for 4 days. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups of 15 rats each and sacrificed at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days of follow-up, respectively. Abdominal cavity macroscopy and histology, and small bowel breaking strength were analyzed at each sacrifice moment. RESULTS: There were no histological or mechanical alterations in normal control rats throughout the study. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were observed and breaking strength decreased in all diclofenac sodium treated rats. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were prevented by Imipenem in all rats. CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium induced ulcerated lesions in rat intestinal mucosa can be prevented by Imipenem treatment.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histológicas e biomecânicas do diclofenaco de sódio na mucosa intestinal do rato e a associação com o uso de Imipenem. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 240 ratos Wistar distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais: GI: 60 ratos tratados com injeção IM de soro fisiológico 0,9 por cento; GII: 60 ratos tratados com injeção IM de diclofenaco de sódio na dose de 6mg/kg de peso por 4 dias; GIII: 60 ratos tratados com injeção IM de Imipenem na dose de 30 mg/kg de peso por 4 dias; GIV: 60 ratos tratados com injeção IM de soro fisiológico e diclofenaco de sódio nas doses acima. Em cada grupo os animais foram posteriormente divididos em 4 momentos de 15 animais em cada um para sacrifício, respectivamente, no 4º, 7º, 14º e 21º dias após o início do tratamento. As alterações da cavidade abdominal, assim como as características histológicas e de força de ruptura do intestino delgado foram analisadas em cada momento, em cada grupo. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas alterações histológicas e biomecânicas nos animais do Grupo I nesse estudo. Lesões ulceradas na mucosa do intestino delgado foram observadas nos animais tratados com diclofenaco de sódio, assim como diminuição da força de ruptura. As lesões ulceradas encontradas foram prevenidas pelo uso de Imipenem. CONCLUSÃO: O diclofenaco de sódio induz lesões ulceradas na mucosa intestinal do rato que podem ser prevenidas pelo uso de Imipenem.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Diclofenac/adverse effects , Imipenem/pharmacology , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Ulcer/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Ulcer/chemically induced
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(4): 285-288, July-Aug. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-594348

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathology alterations of the intestinal mucosa of rabbits submitted to mesenteric artery ischemia and reperfusion with and without ischemic preconditioning. METHODS: Two groups of ten male New Zealand white rabbits body (weight 2.2-3.0, average 2.5 kg). For mesenteric ischemia induction in all animals the small bowel and mesentery were cut 30cm and 60cm far from the gastroduodenal pyloric transition before the proximal mesenteric artery occlusion. In the Group 1 animals, the proximal mesenteric artery was occluded for 45 min with an atraumatic vascular clamp, followed by reperfusion for 30 min. In the Group 2 the 45 min ischemic phase was preceded by three cycles of ischemia (2 minutes each) alternated with three cycles of reperfusion (2 minutes each). For istopathology study small bowel biopsies were obtained before ischemia (control), after 45 min of mesenteric ischemia and at 30 min. of mesenteric artery reperfusion. RESULTS: In the Group I animals, the followings histopathology grade results were observed: t1, mean 2,8; t2, mean 3,3. Using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parameter test, differences between t0 and t1 and t0 and t2 were significants (p<0.05), but not significant between t1 and t2 (p>0.05). In the Group 2 animals histopathology grade results were: t1 mean 2,6 and t2, mean 2,1. Differences between t0 and t1, t0 and t2 were significant (p<0.05). It was not observed differences (p>0.05) between results of t1 in both groups but histopathology injury observed in Group 1 t2 biopsies were higher (p<0.05) than observed in the same period (t2) of Group 2 animals. CONCLUSION: Microscopic examination of the biopsies revealed significant evidence of preconditioning protection against small bowel wall ischemia-reperfusion injury.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histopatológicas da mucosa intestinal de coelhos submetidos a isquemia-reperfusão com e sem precondicionamento isquêmicol. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados dois grupos de dez coelhos Nova Zelândia machos com pesos variáveis entre 2,2 e 3,0 kg (média de 2,5 kg) de peso corpóreo. Para indução da isquemia, em todos os animais, o intestino delgado e o mesentério foram seccionados 30 cm e 60 cm após a transição pilórica gastroduodenal, antes da oclusão da artéria mesentérica cranial. Nos animais do Grupo 1, a artéria mesentérica proximal foi ocluida por pinçamento atraumático durante 45 min., seguido de reperfusão por 30 min. No Grupo 2, foi realizado precondicionamento por três ciclos de 2 min. de oclusão mesentérica intercalados com três ciclos de 2 min. de reperfusão, seguido de oclusão mantida por 45 min e reperfusão de 30min. como no Grupo I. Para estudo histopatológico, foram obtidas biópsias da parede intestinal antes da isquemia (t0-controle), após 45 min. de isquemia (t1) e após 30 min. de reperfusão (t2). RESULTADOS: No Grupo I foram observados os seguintes graus de lesões: t1, média de 2,8 e t2, média 3,3, Foram significantes as diferenças entre t0 e t1 e t0 e t2, mas não foram significantes as variações entre t1 e t2 (p>0,05). No Grupo 2, obteve-se em t1,média de 2,6 e t2, média 2,1. Foram significantes (p<0,05) as diferenças entre t0 e t1, t0 e t2 e entre t1 e t2. . Não ocorreu diferença significante (p>0,05) entre os resultados de t1 nos dois Grupos, mas foram significantes (p<0,05) as diferenças entre os resultados histopatológicos das biopsias de t2 dos Grupos 1 e 2. CONCLUSÃO: O precondicionamento isquêmico reduziu significantemente a degeneração histopatológica determinada pela reperfusão pós-isquêmica da parede intestinal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Ischemic Preconditioning , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Biopsy , Case-Control Studies , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/pathology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 44(5): 411-417, May 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586511

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic post-conditioning on damage to the barrier function of the small intestine caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (N = 36 each): sham operated (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (group LIR), and post-conditioning (group PC). Each group was divided into subgroups (N = 6) according to reperfusion time: immediate (0 h; T1), 1 h (T2), 3 h (T3), 6 h (T4), 12 h (T5), and 24 h (T6). In the PC group, 3 cycles of reperfusion followed by ischemia (each lasting 30 s) were applied immediately. At all reperfusion times (T1-T6), diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) intestinal tissue concentrations, plasma endotoxin concentrations, and serum DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations were measured in sacrificed rats. Chiu’s pathology scores for small intestinal mucosa were determined under a light microscope and showed that damage to the small intestinal mucosa was lower in group PC than in group LIR. In group PC, tissue DAO and SOD concentrations at T2 to T6, and IL-10 concentrations at T2 to T5 were higher than in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, tissue MPO and MDA concentrations, and serum DAO and plasma endotoxin concentrations at T2 to T6, as well as TNF-α at T2 and T4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). These results show that ischemic post-conditioning attenuated the permeability of the small intestines after limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. The protective mechanism of ischemic post-conditioning may be related to inhibition of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines that cause organ damage.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Extremities/blood supply , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Intestine, Small/pathology , Ischemic Postconditioning/methods , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Biomarkers/analysis , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/pathology
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(supl.1): 2-7, 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-600649

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of preventive enteral administration of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) in an ischemia-reperfusion rat model. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomized into five groups (G1-G5, n = 12). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 6) and treated with calcium carbonate (CaCa) or OKG by gavage. Thirty minutes later, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine 15mg + ketamine 1mg ip and subjected to laparotomy. G1-G3 rats served as controls. Rats in groups G4 and G5 were subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes. Ischemia was achieved by clamping the small intestine and its mesentery, delimiting a segment of bowel 5 cm long and 5 cm apart from the ileocecal valve. In addition, G5 rats underwent reperfusion for 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected at the end of the laparotomy (G1), after 30 minutes (G2, G4) and 60 minutes (G3, G5) to determine concentrations of metabolites (pyruvate, lactate), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in tissue pyruvate and lactate and plasma CPK levels in OKG-treated rats at the end of reperfusion period. GSH levels did not change significantly in ischemia and reperfusion groups. However, TBARS levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in tissue samples in OKG-treated rats subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Short-term pretreatment with OKG before induction of I/R decreases tissue damage, increases pyruvate utilization for energy production in the Krebs cycle and does not attenuate the oxidative stress in this animal model.


OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da administração enteral preventiva de ornitina alfa-cetoglutarato (OKG) em modelo de isquemia-reperfusão no rato. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos foram randomizados em cinco grupos (G1-G5, n=12). Cada grupo foi redistribuído em dois subgrupos (n=6) e tratado com carbonato de cálcio (CaCa) ou OKG por gavagem. Trinta minutos mais tarde, os animais foram anestesiados com xilazina 1mg+cetamina 15mg i.p. e submetidos à laparotomia. Os ratos dos grupos G4-G5 foram submetidos à isquemia por 30 minutos. A isquemia foi obtida por pinçamento do intestino delgado, delimitando um segmento com 5 cm de comprimento e distando 5 cm da válvula ileocecal. O grupo G5 foi submetido à reperfusão por 30 minutos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no final da laparotomia (G1), após 30 minutos (G2, G4) e 60 minutos (G3, G5) para determinação das concentrações de metabolitos (piruvato, lactato), creatinofosfoquinase (CPK), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e glutationa (GSH). RESULTADOS: Observou-se redução significante (p<0,05) das concentrações de piruvato e lactato, teciduais e CPK plasmático em ratos tratados com OKG, no final do período de reperfusão. Não houve alteração significante nos níveis plasmáticos e teciduais de GSH. Entretanto os níveis de TBARS aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05) em amostras de tecido de ratos tratados com OKG submetido à isquemia por 30 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: o pré-tratamento em curto prazo com OKG antes da indução da I/R diminui a lesão tecidual, aumenta a utilização de piruvato para produção de energia no ciclo de Krebs, mas não atenua o estresse oxidativo neste modelo animal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Ischemia/complications , Ornithine/analogs & derivatives , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Calcium Carbonate/blood , Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Ischemia/blood , Ligation , Lactic Acid/blood , Ornithine/blood , Ornithine/therapeutic use , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Pyruvic Acid/blood , Random Allocation , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 59(4): 358-368, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588639

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades gastrointestinales siguen siendo un problema de salud pública mundial. El avance de la ciencia muestra que cambios en el balance adecuado de la microflora intestinal (MI) juegan un papel crucial en la patogénesis. La evidencia apunta a que una manera de modular esta MI es a través del uso de oligosacáridos prebióticos, que estimulan el crecimiento de bacterias benéficas y que a la vez aumentan la resistencia a la invasión por patógenos. Estudios con animales indican que el consumo de carbohidratos prebióticos podría estar implicado en la prevención y tratamiento de diarreas. En infantes humanos sanos, los estudios revelan que el consumo de mezclas de prebióticas (galactooligosacáridos/fructooligosacáridos, inulina/galactooligosacáridos) disminuyen la incidencia de fiebre, de infecciones y de patógenos gastrointestinales. Lo anterior representa un gran potencial para los alimentos funcionales que los contienen, principalmente las fórmulas infantiles. Sin embargo, los estudios de prevención de diarreas mediante el suministro de prebióticos en personas con una microflora intestinal alterada no son concluyentes, sobre todo aquellos practicados en ancianos, personas con problemas crónicos de inflamación intestinal y personas con diarreas asociadas a la toma de antibióticos. Lo anterior nos indica la necesidad de estudios bioquímicos y microbiológicos más profundos en humanos de diferentes edades y condiciones de salud intestinal, a fin de determinar en que condiciones, los prebióticos tienen algún efecto sobre las infecciones.


Gastrointestinal disorders are still a main world public health problem. Scientific progress shows that and inadequate balance in intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Evidence indicates that one way to modulate the IM is through the use of prebiotics. These oligosaccharides stimulate the growth of benefic bacteria and increase the resistance to invading pathogens. Research using animals show that the consumption of prebiotics could be implicated in prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Studies in healthy infants also indicate that the consumption of prebiotic mixtures (galactooligosaccharides/ fructooligosaccharides, inulin/ galactooligosaccharides) decreases the incidence of fever, infections and pathogens. These results represent a great potential for functional foods that contain prebiotics, mainly the infant formulas. However, results of other clinical studies for prebiotics effects on diarrhea are not conclusive. Specially those studies that include patients with an altered IM (like the elderly), patients with chronic intestinal inflammation and with diarrhea associated to antibiotic treatments. There is a need for more biochemical and microbiological studies in humans at different ages and intestinal health conditions, in order to determine when prebiotics may effectively function on infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Infection Control , Inulin/therapeutic use , Oligosaccharides/therapeutic use
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(2): 269-274, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549945

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate the protection role of glycerin preserved bovine peritoneum (BP) against intestinal adhesions to a vascular graft. Experiments were performed on 24 adult rabbits, randomly dived into two groups. All animals were submitted to a vascular graft over the infra-renal aorta and vena cava. Group 1(12 animals ) was submitted to a BP patch on the retroperitoneal opening, between the vascular prosthetic graft and the intestinal loops. Group II (12 animals ) had the retroperitoneal opening sutured. After 7, 14, 28 and 60 days, 3 animals of each group were randomly killed and the retro peritoneum, with or without the BPpatch, was removed for histological analysis. The histological analysis showed that the BP stimulated a moderate to intense inflammatory reaction at the beginning of the experiments and on the 60-day evaluation, the inflammatory reaction was mild, limited to the BP border with its histological structure preserved. In conclusion, the BP is a safe and cheap interposition material to be used between vascular grafts and intestinal loops, presenting a protection role against adhesions between them.


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar experimentalmente el rol protector del peritoneo bovino (PB) preservado en la glicerina en contra de las adherencias intestinales de un injerto vascular. Los experimentos se realizaron en 24 conejos adultos, randomizados aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Todos los animales fueron sometidos a un injerto vascular sobre la aorta infra-renal y la vena cava. Grupo I (12 animales), fue sometido a un parche PB en una apertura retroperitoneal suturada, entre el injerto vascular y el intestino. Grupo II (12 animales) con la apertura retroperitoneal suturada. Después de 7, 14, 28 y 60 días, 3 animales de cada grupo fueron sacrificados al azar y el retro peritoneo, con o sin el parche de PB, se retiró para el análisis histológico. El análisis histológico mostró que la PB estimuló una moderada a intensa reacción inflamatoria al inicio de los experimentos y en la evaluación de 60 días, la reacción inflamatoria fue leve, limitada a los bordes de la PB con su estructura histológica preservada. En conclusión, la PB es una forma segura y barata de material de interposición para ser utilizada entre injertos vasculares e intestinales, presentando un rol de protección contra adherencias entre ellos.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Rabbits , Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Aortic Diseases/surgery , Aortic Diseases/pathology , Vascular Fistula/surgery , Vascular Fistula/pathology , Peritoneum/transplantation , Bioprosthesis , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Time Factors , Tissue Preservation
11.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 37(3): 191-6, maio-jun. 1995. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-154357

ABSTRACT

Para verificar a presenca de parasitas intestinais em manipuladores de merenda escolar foram coletadas amostras fecais de 104 cantineiras e serventes que auxiliavam no preparo da alimentacao de 20 Estabelimentos da rede publica de ensino de 1§ grau, localizados em diferentes bairros, da cidade de Uberlandia, Minas Gerais. As amostras foram coletadas nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 1988 em frascos plasticos contendo formol a 10 por cento e processadas pelo metodo Hoffmann, Pons & Janer sendo o sedimento examinado em triplicata.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Intestines/parasitology , School Feeding , Brazil , Food Contamination , Health Programs and Plans , Intestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Food Handling/methods , Students
12.
Tropical Health ; 3(3): 11-14, 1993.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1273152

ABSTRACT

The problem of intestinal parasite infestation in Uganda is a major one for both the rural and periurban population; where a number of individuals have double or even triple infections. Ignorance among the populace about the disease transmission cycle and under-utilisation of available facilities may be contributory factors. The prevention of intestinal helminths in Uganda depends on personal hygiene; good environment and food


Subject(s)
Food Parasitology , Helminths , Hygiene , Intestinal Diseases , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/transmission
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